Connecting language refers to words and phrases that are used to connect subjects, objects, verbs, ideas to each other. Connecting language is also referred to as linking language. Connecting language is used at the beginning of sentences to refer to sentences that proceed. In other words, connecting language links back to something stated in a previous sentence. Connecting language is also used in sentences to connect things within that sentence. This is especially true in sentences with dependent and independent clauses. The following three types of connecting language are commonly used within sentences to related ideas.
Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions show the relationship between people, things and ideas.
And -> use 'and' to show inclusion
I like reading and playing tennis.
But -> use 'but' to contrast ideas
You think it is easy but it is difficult.
Or -> use 'or' to indicate a choice between two items
He's going to buy a Ford or a Fiat.
Nor -> use 'nor' to indicate a further negative inclusion
He is not a musician nor a singer.
Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that show relationships between subjects or objects in a sentence.
Both ... and -> 'Both' ... 'and' indicate that two subjects or objects share something in common.
Both Tom and Peter are going to come.
Not only ... but also -> 'Not only ... but also' is used to stress that a subject are participating, or that a subject has two distinct characteristics.
Not only is he handsome, but he is also kind.
Either ... or -> indicates choice between two subjects or objects
Either Tom or Peter is going to come.
Neither ... nor -> indicates that two subjects or objects share something
Neither Mary nor Jane knows what time it is.
Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns are used to relate one clause to another to give more information about the person or thing being spoken about.
who - persons
- He's the man who purchased the tie.
which - things
- We're working on a project which should be very profitable.
where - places
- They visited the village where they grew up.
when - times
- He used to play tennis when he was a child.
that - both persons and things (only in dependent clauses)
- Our teacher explained the reasons that led him to choosing the profession.
whose - possessive - John is the manger whose actions saved the company.
Note: Use 'that' only in dependent clauses: -> He is the man that/who came to the party last summer. NOT My sister, that lives in Florida, is coming to visit next week.
